![]() For the next thirty-four years Marx remained in England ab-sorbed in his work. As revolutionary fervor waned, the government suppressed his paper and Marx fled to England in 1849. Marx returned to Paris in 1848 but soon after left for Germany, where in Cologne he founded the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper that attacked Prussian rule. Its publication coincided with a wave of revolutions in Europe in 1848. This resulted in the creation of the Communist Manifesto, one of the most influential popular political documents ever written. In 1847 Marx and Engels were asked to write a mani-festo for the league conference in London. Marx later joined the Communist League, a German workers group, for which he and Engels were to become the primary spokespersons. Here Marx wrote the manuscript for The German Ideology and the polemic The Poverty of Philosophy against idealistic socialism. He moved, with Engels, to Brussels, where he was to remain for the next three years, except for occasional short trips to England. ![]() For his radical political activities, Marx was expelled from Paris toward the end of 1844. It was during this brief initial stay in France that Marx became associated with Friedrich Engels. His first expression of these views oc-curred in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, which remained unpublished until 1930. While in Paris, Marx quickly became involved with emigre Ger-man workers and French socialists, and soon he was persuaded to the communist point of view. In 1842 he became editor of the Cologne newspaper Rheinische Zeitung, but his probing eco-nomic critiques prompted the government to close the publication, whereupon Marx left for France. As a young graduate deeply involved in the radical Hegelian movement, Marx found it difficult to secure a teaching post in the autocratic environment of Prussian society. In 1841, Marx obtained his doctorate in philosophy, having presented a thesis on post-Aristotelian Greek philosophy. At seventeen he enrolled at the University of Bonn and a year later transferred to the University of Berlin where he became interested in the philosophy of G. About the Author KARL MARX was born in Trier, Prussia, on May 5, 1818, to an intellectual Jewish family. What is mans true nature? How did capitalism gain such a foothold on Western society? What is alienation and how does it threaten to undermine the proletariat?These and other vital questions are addressed as the youthful Marx sets forth his first detailed assessment of the human condition. Here Marx offers his theory of human nature and an analysis of emerging capitalisms degenerative impact on mans sense of self and his creative potential. Marxs economic analysis of history has been a powerful legacy, the effects of which continue to be felt world-wide.Serving as the foundation for Marxs indictment of capitalism is his extraordinary work titled Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, written in 1844 but published nearly a century later. The world was to learn a new political vocabulary peppered with socialism, capitalism, the working class, the bourgeoisie, labor theory of value, alienation, economic determinism, dialectical materialism, and historical materialism. After that time the works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, especially the influential Communist Manifesto (1848), enjoyed an international audience. ![]() re: alienation and exploitation suggests individuality and social relationships are essential 'material' or 'part of nature'.Book Synopsis Communism as a political movement attained global importance after the Bolsheviks toppled the Russian Czar in 1917. Dialectical materialism - synthesis of Hegelian dialectic and Feuerbach's scientific materialism (naturalism). NB: Marxian opposition to private property is sufficient to make capitalism and communism irreconcilable and mortal enemies. Views private property as the essence of the mainstream political economy with division of labour and exchange being embodiments of private property. Writings are clearly political economy as opposed to scientific economics. Sceptical re: laissez-faire doctrine - does not accept argument that individual self-interest when aggregated produces social optimality. ![]() Marxian view of competition problematic - sometimes it seems to be positive in contrast to monopoly and sometimes negative in contrast to cooperation. Preoccupation with distribution of income in contrast to economic growth. Eloquent description of workers' alienation from product.
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